Formation of Accretion Disks around Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Ultra Compact Dwarf Galaxies and Nuclear Stellar Clusters

Recent observations have found many ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) that contain massive black holes (MBHs) typically consisting of $10\%-15\%$ of their total mass, with some as high as $40\%$.

Recent observations have found many ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) that contain massive black holes (MBHs) typically consisting of $10\%-15\%$ of their total mass, with some as high as $40\%$. However, whether UCDs initially started with MBHs or grew from intermediate-mass…