A Dual-Dimensional LLM Framework for Automated Item Incidental Content Similarity Analysis in Large-Scale Assessments

The rapid expansion of large-scale assessments and the growing adoption of automatic item generation have intensified concerns about incidental content redundancy, where construct-irrelevant elements such as wording or contextual framing…

The rapid expansion of large-scale assessments and the growing adoption of automatic item generation have intensified concerns about incidental content redundancy, where construct-irrelevant elements such as wording or contextual framing become unintentionally repetitive across…