Energy deposited by black holes in the hot X-ray gas of elliptical galaxies, groups and clusters

Galaxy groups show entropy excesses $ΔS$ with respect to theoretical expectations from models and simulations with purely gravitational heating.

Galaxy groups show entropy excesses $ΔS$ with respect to theoretical expectations from models and simulations with purely gravitational heating. We determine the heat $Q_{\rm heat}\simeq TΔS$ deposited by non-gravitational sources into the hot gas of elliptical galaxies, groups…