Sex differences in vaccine-induced neuraminidase cross-recognition impact H5N1 dissemination to the lower respiratory tract in mice

H5N1 vaccines have been poorly immunogenic in humans, creating a challenge for vaccine development.

H5N1 vaccines have been poorly immunogenic in humans, creating a challenge for vaccine development. Seasonal influenza vaccines offer some cross-protection against H5N1, but there has been no consideration of whether protection differs between the sexes. We investigated sex…